NGS- 30th Sep.

🏀🏀Section- 1

Synonymous words:

1. secretly adv. surreptitiously, quietly, privately, covertly, furtively, stealthily, mysteriously, clandestinely- चुपचाप 

2. guardian n. protector, defender, trustee, custodian, keeper, preserver- रखवाला/ रक्षक 

3. emancipate v. release, set free, liberate, enfranchise, manumit, loose, let loose, let go, set free, disenthral, unfetter, unchain, unshackle- फ्री करना 

4. festivity n. rejoicing, gaiety, mirth, jubilation, conviviality, joyfulness, merriment, revelry, merrymaking, glee, jollity,  jollification, felicity- ख़ुशी/ उत्साह (Nishant)

5. examine v. investigate, scrutinize, study, peruse, scan, pore over, analyse, sift, inspect, inquire or enquire into, go over or through or into, look over or into, probe, explore/ जांच पड़ताल करना/ गहराई में जा कर समझना 

6. revival n. resurrection, resuscitation, renewal, restoration, revitalization, resurfacing/ जान डालना 

7. unrealistic adj. impractical, illogical, unreasonable, unworkable, unrealizable, quixotic, fanciful, visionary, delusional, delusive, delusory/ अव्यवहारिक/ वास्तविकता से दूर 

8. ruin n. downfall, destruction, devastation, havoc, breakdown, breakup, collapse, fall, disintegration, ruination, dissolution, wiping out, failure, decay, undoing, end/ विध्वंस/ नष्ट होना 

9. exemption n. exception, immunity, freedom, release, impunity, dispensation, exclusion/ छूट/ अज़ादी  (Nishant)

10. lazy adj. indolent, slothful, dilatory, inactive, listless, otiose, slack, lax, lethargic,  slow, languid, sluggish, slow-moving, languorous= आलसी/ धीरे चलने वाला 

11. implicit adj. implied, indirect, inferable, understood, unspoken, undeclared, inferential, latent/ जो स्पष्ट शब्दों में या डायरेक्ट न हो 

12. package n. packet, parcel, box, container, case, carton/ कंटेनर/ पैकेट 

13. ruthless adj. pitiless, unpitying, cruel, unsympathetic, merciless, unmerciful, harsh, uncompassionate, hard-hearted, callous, unfeeling, tough, heartless, inhuman/ क्रूर/ अमानवीय  (Nishant)

14. injure v. harm, wound, hurt, damage, impair/ नुकसान या चोट पहुँचाना 

15. limitless adj. unrestricted, unrestrained, unconfined, unbounded, boundless/ जिसकी लिमिट न हो/  बिना कण्ट्रोल वाला  (Nishant, 9555758152)

16. protect v. make safe, safeguard, guard, secure/ रक्षा करना/ सुरक्षित रखना 

17. curse n. malediction, imprecation, denunciation, damnation, execration/ श्राप/ जो कुछ बुरे को अंजाम दे  (Nishant)

18. curt adj. abrupt, short, terse, brief, laconic, concise/ संक्षेप/ छोटा रूप 

19. altogether adv. entirely, utterly, completely, wholly, totally, fully, in all respects, absolutely, in all/ एक साथ/ पूरी तरह से/ कुल मिलाकर 

20. altruism n. selflessness, self-sacrifice, unselfishness, philanthropy, generosity, charity, charitableness, humanitarianism, benevolence, humanity public-spiritedness/ दूसरे के कल्याण या फायदे के बारे में सोचना या के लिए कार्य करना  

21. futile adj. unsuccessful, unavailing, useless, unprofitable, vain, abortive, profitless, worthless, unproductive, ineffective, ineffectual/ बिना काम का 

22. difference n. distinction, dissimilarity, discrepancy, unlikeness, disagreement, inconsistency, diversity, variation, imbalance; inequality, dissimilitude, incongruity, contrast, contradistinction, contrariety= अंतर/ विरोधाभास/ असमान होना  (Nishant)

23. apparent adj.- clear, evident, obvious, plain, patent, blatant, conspicuous, discernible, recognizable, comprehensible, distinct, palpable, definite, explicit, unambiguous, unquestionable- जो स्पष्ट हो/ औरों से अलग हो  (Nishant, 9555758152)

24. delightful adj. pleasing, agreeable, pleasurable, enjoyable, joyful, pleasant, lovely, amusing, entertaining, diverting, exciting, thrilling- सुहावना 

25. crest n. top, summit, pinnacle, peak, head, ridge- टॉप  (Nishant)

Note- Though the aforementioned words in a particular set are synonymous, some of their meanings and usages may be different, and they may not be interchangeable in some cases. 

🏀🏀Section- 2

One word substitution:

1. School (स्कूल)= A group of learners 

2. Panel (पैनल)= A group of judges/ jurymen

3. Bench (बेंच)= A group of magistrates 

4. Band (बैंड)= A group of musicians/ travellers  (Nishant)

5. Conference (कांफ्रेंस)= A group of delegates/ preachers

6. Group (ग्रुप)/ chain (चेन)= A group of islands/ mountains

7. Album (एल्बम)/ gallery (गैलरी)= A group of photographs/ stamps/ snap- shots

8. Series (सीरीज़)= A group of events/ lectures 

9. Hive (हाइव)= A group of bees 

10. Glossary (ग्लोसरी)= A group of words/phrases  (Nishant)

11. Panel= A group of experts (एक्सपर्ट)

12. Audience= A group of listeners (श्रोता)

13. Clutch= A group of eggs (अंडे)

14. Faculty= A group of teachers (अध्यापक)

15. Bunch/ bouquet/ vase= A group of flowers (पुष्प) (Nishant)

16. Bundle (बंडल)= A group of sticks 

17. Heap (ढेर)= A large group of sand particles 

18. Stack (ढेर)= A group of hay 

19. Shower (बौछार)= A group of bullets/ arrows (Nishant)

20. Bale (गठरी)= A big amount of cottons/ wood

21. Barrage= A group of questions (प्रश्न)

22. Litter= A group of puppies (पिल्ले)/ kittens (बिल्ली के बच्चे)/ piglings (सूअर के बच्चे)

23. Flight= A group of insects (कीट)/ locusts (टिड्डी)/ stairs (जीना) (Nishant)

24. Council= A group of advisers (सलाहकार)/ ministers (मंत्री)

25. Horde= A group of savages (असभ्य)/ barbarian (जंगली)

🏀🏀Section- 3

Idioms and phrases:

1. Keep pants on= To remain calm and wait for something/ शांत रहकर इंतज़ार करना 

2. In another’s shoes= in another's position/ किसी की पोजीशन में 

3. Shake in one’s boots= be very scared or nervous/ नर्वस होना  (Nishant)

4. An ace up one’s sleeve= a secret plan, idea etc./ कोई सीक्रेट प्लान, आईडिया इत्यादि होना 

5. Bad hat= a disreputable dissolute person/ कोई ख़राब प्रतिष्ठा वाला अनैतिक कार्य करने वाला व्यक्ति 

6. See red= become very angry suddenly/ बहुत गुस्सा होना 

7. Blind to= to completely fail to notice or realize something/ कुछ देख या समझ न पाना 

8. All ears= eager to hear something, listening attentively/ सुनने के लिये उत्सुक होना 

9. Crocodile tears= tears or expressions of sorrow that are insincere/ घड़ियाली आँसू  (Nishant)

10. Play it by ear= to do something without special preparation/ बिना तैयारी के कुछ करना 

11. In the blink of an eye= to happen very quickly/ तुरंत 

12. Eagle eyed= quick to notice things; observant/ जल्दी समझने या भांपने वाला 

13. Zero in on something= to direct all of one's attention to/ फोकस करना  (Nishant)

14. Neither fish nor fowl= of indefinite character and difficult to identify or classify/ जिसको पहचानना और क्लासिफाई करना मुश्किल हो 

15. Pie in the sky= something that you hope will happen but is very unlikely to happen/ जिसके होने की उम्मीद के जाए किन्तु उसके होने की सम्भावना बहुत कम हो  (Nishant)

16. Piece of cake= an easy task/ आसान कार्य 

17. Take something with a pinch/ grain of salt= not to believe that sth is completely accurate or true/ विश्वास न करना कि कुछ पूरी तरह से सटीक या सच है 

18. Worth one's salt= good or competent at the job or profession specified/ किसी काम के लायक होना 

19. Nuts and bolts= the basic details/ बेसिक डिटेल्स  (Nishant)

20. A hard/ tough nut to crack= a person or thing that is difficult to deal with, understand, or influence/ मुश्किल कार्य 

21. Bread and butter= a person's livelihood or main source of income/ used in reference to something everyday or ordinary/ रोज़ी- रोटी/ जो रोज़ की बात या साधारण हो 

22. Icing on the cake= an attractive but inessential addition or enhancement/ सोने पर सुहागा  (Nishant)

23. Remain/stand aloof= ​to not become involved in something/ दूर रहना 

24. Bear fruit= yield positive results/ सकारात्मक परिणाम होना 

25. Go nuts= to become mentally ill/ to act in a way that is wild or out of control because of strong emotion/ मानसिक बीमार होना/ आउट ऑफ़ कण्ट्रोल होकर व्यवहार करना  (Nishant)

🏀🏀Section- 4

Phrasal verbs (+ other combinations):

1. Beef up- To make changes or an improvement/ बदलाव करना/ इम्प्रूव करना  

2. Boil down to- To have determined or analyzed the solution or reason for something/ सलूशन या कारण निश्चित करना 

3. Brush up- To practice and review your knowledge or a skill that you haven’t used in a while/ नॉलेज या स्किल इम्प्रूव करना जिसका प्रयोग कुछ समय से न किया हो  (Nishant)

4. Chicken out- To refrain from doing something because of fear/ डर की वजह से कुछ न करना 

5. Clog up- When something in a drain or valve prevents the flow of water or other liquids/ पानी या किसी तरल पदार्थ के फ्लो को रोक देना

6. Come over- to make a visit/ विज़िट करना 

7. Come up with- to come forward with a solution, idea, plan, or excuse/ किसी उपाय, आईडिया, प्लान या बहाने के साथ सामने आना 

8. Con sb out of sth- to obtain something from someone through deception/ किसी से धोखे से कुछ प्राप्त करना  (Nishant)

9. Cool off- to lose temperature/ तापमान कम होना 

10. Cover up- to conceal something/ कुछ छिपाना 

11. Work out- exercise/ व्यायाम 

12. Work out- be successful/सफल होना  

13. Work something out- to be the result a calculation/ किसी कैलकुलेशन का परिणाम 

14. Think back (on)- remember

15. Think something over-

consider/ विचार करना/ मानना  (Nishant)

16. Hand back- when you return something to the person who owns it after the person has given it to you/ वापस देना 

17. Hand over- to give upon request or demand/ सौंपना 

18. Hang around- to spend time in a place or an area/ कहीं समय बिताना 

19. Hang on- when you hold something, often for support of comfort/ when you wait for a short time/ किसी चीज़ से जुड़े या वहीं का वहीं रहना, सपोर्ट या आराम के लिए/ कुछ समय के लिए इंतज़ार करना  (Nishant)

20. Head for- when a situation becomes more likely/ जिसके होने की सम्भावना हो

21. Keep to- when you don’t share information/ कोई जानकारी किसी से शेयर न करना 

22. Knock out- when someone is struck hard enough to cause them to lose consciousness/ प्रहार कर बेहोश कर देना  (Nishant)

23. Lay off- when a company or business ends a worker’s employment/ जॉब से निकालना 

24. Let in- to allow someone or something to enter a place/ अंदर आने की अनुमति देना 

25. Let out- when you give permission for someone to leave or be released from a place/ बाहर जाने की अनुमति देना  (Nishant)

🏀🏀Section- 5

Confusing words:

1. Elicit (v.)- call forth emotions, feelings, responses etc./ किसी से उसके इमोशंस, फीलिंग्स, प्रतिक्रिया इत्यादि बाहर निकालना 

2. Illicit (adj.)- illegal*/ prohibited/ गैरकानूनी, जिसको करने से मना किया गया हो 

3. Eminent (adj.) - famous and important/ मशहूर एवं महत्वपूर्ण  (Nishant)

4. Imminent (adj.)- likely to happen soon/ जो जल्द ही होने वाला हो 

5. Immanent (adj.)- remaining within/ present throughout the universe/ जो अंदर मौजूद हो/ जो हर जगह हो

6. Empathy- the ability to understand and share the feelings of another/ किसी दूसरे के स्थान पर अपने आप को रखकर उसकी भावनाएं समझना 

7. Sympathy- feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune/ सहानभूति 

8. Historic- famous, important, and influential/ फेमस, महत्वपूर्ण एवं प्रभावित करने वाला 

9. Historical- related to history/ जिसका सम्बन्ध भूतकाल या इतिहास से हो  (Nishant)

10. Histrionic- very emotional and energetic, but not sincere or without real meaning/ भावुकता एवं ऊर्जा से भरा किन्तु गंभीरता से नहीं

11. Conscious (adj.)- in sense/ होश में 

12. Conscience (n.)- sense of right and wrong/ सही- गलत की समझ 

13. Moral (n./ adj.)- behaving in ways considere by most people to be correct and honest/ the message one gets from a story, incident etc./ नैतिक/ सीख (Nishant)

14. Morale (n.)- the amount of confidence felt by a person in a particular situation/ किसी सिचुएशन में आपके अंदर मौजूद आत्मविश्वास की मात्रा 

15. Mural (n.)- a large picture thar has been painted on the wall of a room or building/ दीवार पर बनी कोई बड़ी पिक्चर (Nishant)

16. Device (n.)- an object, machine, or piece of equipment that has been made for some special purpose/ कोई ऑब्जेक्ट, मशीन, या इक्विपमेंट जो किसी निश्चित उद्देश्य के लिए बनाया गया हो 

17. Devise (v.)- to invent or plan something that is difficult or complicated/ किसी कठिन या कॉम्प्लिकेटेड चीज़ को इंवेंट या प्लान करना 

18. Formally (ad.)- it is used to describe things done in a serious and proper or official way/ औपचारिक रूप से  (Nishant)

19. Formerly (adv.)- at an earlier time/ भूतकाल में किसी समय पर 

20. Liable (adj.)- legally responsible for something/ likely to be affected or harmed by something/ likely to do something/ कानूनी रूप से रिस्पांसिबिल होना/ किसी से प्रभावित होने या नुकसान होने की सम्भावना होना/ जिसके कुछ करने की सम्भावना हो   (Nishant)

##Libel (n./ v.)- it refers to the act of publishing a false statement that causes people to have a bad opinion of someone/ to write and publish a false statement that causes people to have a bad opinion of someone/ कोई गलत स्टेटमेंट पब्लिश करना जिससे कि लोग किसी के बारे में बुरा सोचें

21. Envelop (v.)- to enclose or surround/ घेरना 

22. Envelope (n.)- an enclosing cover for a letter, card, etc./ लिफाफा या कवर  (Nishant)

23. Affect (v.)- to impact/ प्रभाव डालना 

24. Effect (n.)- the result of an event/ किसी घटना या कार्य का परिणाम 

25. Effect (v.)- to create/ क्रिएट करना

Thank you

Nishant

Ph. 9555758152